ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the reliability and validity of a Chinese version of the attitudes toward obese persons (ATOP) scale among college nursing students. Methods A Chinese version of ATOP was obtained by forward translation, synthesis, back translation, and culture adjusting; the content validity was examined by expert committee review. A total of 407 valid questionnaires of Chinese ATOP were completed by a convenient sample of college nursing students. The psychometric properties of ATOP were examined by content validity index (CVI) for content validity, critical ratio (CR) for item analysis, factor analysis for construct validity and Cronbach's alpha coefficient for internal consistency reliability. Additionally, the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) for test-retest reliability was tested in 20 nursing students after a two-week interval. Results The mean CVI of the Chinese version of ATOP was 0. 97. The final Chinese version comprised 12 items and reflected 3 dimensions; different personalities, social difficulties and self-esteem, which explained 52. 45% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis further supported this three-dimension structure (��2 = 93. 75, df =51,��2/df=l. 84, RMSEA = 0. 06, NNFI = 0. 91, CFI = 0. 93, IFI=0. 93, GFI = 0. 93, AGFI=0. 89). The criterion-related validity was confirmed by the positive correlation between the total scores for ATOP and its subscale scores and the scores for internal weight locus of control. The internal consistency reliability evaluated by Cronbach's alpha was 0. 59-0. 71 for the three subscales and the whole scale. The test-retest reliability across two weeks ranged from 0. 52 to 0. 83. There was a weak negative correlation between body mass index (BMI) and the self-esteem score. Nursing students who perceived themselves as overweight scored lower in the self-esteem factor and higher in the factor of different personality than those who did not. Conclusion The Chinese version of ATOP has satisfactory validity and acceptable reliability in measuring the attitudes toward obese persons, and can be used to evaluate the attitude of nursing students toward obesity.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the growth inhibition and apoptosis induction effect of vitamin E succinate (VES) on human colon cancer cells and to analyze the modulation of apoptosis-mediator Fas expression in this process. Methods: Human colon cancer cell line LS174T was treated with VES for 12 h, 24 h and 48 h at the concentrations of 5 mg/L, 10 mg/L and 20mg/L. 1-(4,5-dimethylthiazo-2-yl)-3,5-diphenylformazan (MTT) assay was employed to detect the inhibitory effect of VES on the growth of colon cancer cells. Flow cytometry was then used to analyze the cell cycle of the colon cancer cells after being treated with VES and the apoptotic rate was calculated at the same time. To find out whether the Fas protein expression was modulated in this process, Western blotting assay and flow cytometry were used to detect the Fas protein level in whole cell lystates and on cell surface. Results: VES exhibited a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of human colon cancer cells in a doseand time-dependent manner. After being treated with VES at 5 mg/L, 10 mg/L and 20 mg/L for 48 h, the apoptotic rate of LS174T cells rose from 0.90% to 15.9%, 46.7% and 64.5%, respectively. Fas neutralizing antibody can significantly block VES-induced apoptosis. After the administration of VES, total Fas protein in whole-cell extracts increased in a dose-dependent manner. The flow cytometry showed that the mean fluorescence intensity rose from 5.43 to 9.88, 13.21 and 18.0 after being treated with VES. Conclusion: VES can induce significant growth inhibition and apoptosis in human colon cancer cells. The modulation of Fas expression is one of the mechanisms involved in this process and may be related to the upregulation of Fas molecule on the cancer cell surface.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the growth inhibition and apoptosis induction effect of vitamin E succinate (VES) on human colon cancer cells and to analyze the modulation of apoptosis-mediator Fas expression in this process. Methods: Human colon cancer cell line LS174T was treated with VES for 12 h, 24 h and 48 h at the concentrations of 5 mg/L, 10 mg/L and 20mg/L. 1-(4,5-dimethylthiazo-2-yl)-3,5-diphenylformazan (MTT) assay was employed to detect the inhibitory effect of VES on the growth of colon cancer cells. Flow cytometry was then used to analyze the cell cycle of the colon cancer cells after being treated with VES and the apoptotic rate was calculated at the same time. To find out whether the Fas protein expression was modulated in this process, Western blotting assay and flow cytometry were used to detect the Fas protein level in whole cell lystates and on cell surface. Results: VES exhibited a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of human colon cancer cells in a doseand time-dependent manner. After being treated with VES at 5 mg/L, 10 mg/L and 20 mg/L for 48 h, the apoptotic rate of LS174T cells rose from 0.90% to 15.9%, 46.7% and 64.5%, respectively. Fas neutralizing antibody can significantly block VES-induced apoptosis. After the administration of VES, total Fas protein in whole-cell extracts increased in a dose-dependent manner. The flow cytometry showed that the mean fluorescence intensity rose from 5.43 to 9.88, 13.21 and 18.0 after being treated with VES. Conclusion: VES can induce significant growth inhibition and apoptosis in human colon cancer cells. The modulation of Fas expression is one of the mechanisms involved in this process and may be related to the upregulation of Fas molecule on the cancer cell surface.